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Abstract
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Water quality impacts directly on the health and sanitation of human societies. Toxic contaminants depletion such as heavy metals and persistent organics from industrial and agricultural activities in water supplies has been reduced the availability of clean and usable water to use in drinking and food industries. The conventional treatment processes are not able to remove the mentioned pollutants and cause to form toxic disinfection byproducts. Advanced oxidation processes utilizing nano photocatalysts possesses great promise to develop new processes which are able to complete mineralization of persitant organic pollutants and their treatment byproducts.
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a large family of two-dimensional (2D) ionic lamellar compounds made up of positively charged brucite-like layers with an interlayer region containing charge countervailing anions and solvation molecules. LDHs are represented by the general formula [MII1-xMIIIx(OH)2]x+ [Xm-x/m.nH2O]x-, abbreviated as [MII-MIII-X], where MII and MIII are divalent and trivalent metal ions, respectively and Xm the interlayer anion with x being defined as the MII /(MII +MIII) ratio [1]. LDHs have a relatively weak interlayer bonding which leads to exhibit excellent expanding properties. The wide adjustability of the types and number of metal cations, the M2+/M3+ molar ratios, and the nature of interlayer anions results in a huge variety of host–guest assemblies and nanoarchitectures with versatile physical and chemical properties for LDHs [2]. Moreover. LDHs could be synthesized by well-established synthetic protocols which are simple and amenable to scaling up for industrial production. Due to the flexible, unique and attractive properties, LDHs have been emerged as one of the most promising materials for versatile applications especially, in different fields of chemistry [3]. This lecture aims to survey the literature dealing with the recent advances in the photocatalytic applications of LDHs and t
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