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Abstract
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Demanding of high-performance cooling systems is one of the most challenging and virtual issues in the
industry and pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) are effective solutions for this concern. Nanofluids also have
attracted attentions, due to its superior heat transfer properties in recent years. In the present study,
the flow, heat transfer and entropy generation based on the second law of thermodynamics have been
investigated and compared with the flow of Al 2 O 3 , CuO, Ag nanofluid and pure water through PHPs.
The results show that, silver nanofluid provides the highest entropy generation. Also, the effects of differ-
ent particle volume concentrations on the heat and flow characteristics of Al 2 O 3 nanofluid have been
studied. It is indicated that the optimal volume concentration of nanoparticles is about 0.5–1% to mini-
mize the entropy generation and appropriate thermal operation.
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