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Abstract
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Water distribution systems (WDSs) are one of the vital infrastructures in urban
areas. The common objective considered in WDSs design is providing required water with the
minimum construction cost. Less attention is paid to Bwater quality^ as an objective in optimal
design of WDSs. The aim of this paper is to include a water quality based objective in WDS
design alongside other common objectives. For this purpose, the water quality reliability index
developed based on Bchlorine residual^ and Bwater age^, is used. EPANET2.0 is applied for
WDS simulation and ACO (Ant-Colony-Optimization) has been used as the optimization
algorithm. Head-Driven-Simulation-Method (HDSM) is also considered. The proposed model
is applied to Jahrom (a city in the south of Iran) WDS. The outputs show that the proposed
model would result in less construction costs in comparison to the original design and 4–10 %
of construction cost can be reduced depending on the considered objectives and selected
optimal solution by managers and decision makers while the resulted solutions include high
water quality reliability (ranging from 93 to 99 %). Also using HDSM method for hydraulic
analysis of WDS instead of DDSM can lead to solutions with less construction cost (U$10,000
in average) and acceptable water quality reliability.
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