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Abstract
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Water quality is an important issue related to people health, but it is not usually considered for design of water distribution networks (WDNs). In this paper, new constraints such as free residual chlorine and the quality performance index are incorporated into the least cost design of water distribution networks. For hydraulic and quality analysis of water distribution networks, EPANET2 is applied. GA is also used to solve the optimization problem. The method is evaluated using a well-known test network. Results show that inclusion of quality constraints leads to higher cost. Also, sensitivity analysis of velocity constraints shows that hydraulic and quality constraints are required for the least cost design of WDNs. On the other hand, the optimum design should satisfy the design criteria at both start and end of the design period.
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