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Abstract
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Abstract Based on an axisymmetric layerwise approach, the differential quadraturemethod (DQM) is adopted
in axial direction to analyse a hollow cylindrical shell made of functionally graded material (FGM) with
piezoelectric actuator rings under dynamic load. The mechanical properties are regulated by volume fraction
as a proper function of the radial coordinate. TheFGM shell and piezo-rings are divided into mathematical sublayers
in thickness direction, then the general layerwise theory is formulated through introducing piecewise
continuous approximations across each sub-layer. This accounts for any discontinuity in derivatives of the
displacement at the interface of the rings and the cylinder. The virtual work statement including structural
and electrical potential energies yields the 3-D governing equations which are reduced to 2-D differential
equations, which then are discretized by using DQM in both the spatial and time domains. By inserting the
boundary conditions into the DQ form of the equations and incorporating the initial conditions, a system of
algebraic equations is obtained that delivers the unknown degrees of freedom. Static and dynamic responses
of the FG shell to electrical and mechanical loads with different exponents of material in homogeneity ‘n’
and boundary conditions as well as the effects of size, number and interval between actuated piezo-rings on
the induced deformation in the FG shell are investigated. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the
proposed approach are verified by com
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