|
Abstract
|
The intercalation of indomethacin into the interlayer gallery of layered zinc hydroxide (LZH) has been successfully executed using the simple ion exchange approaches. The synthesized intercalation compound, indomethacin-LZH nanohybrid, was characterized using PXRD, FTIR, SEM, BET, and STA. From the PXRD results, the intercalation of indomethacin anions into the interlayer gallery of LZH was successful; showing the formation of a new peak at lower 2�with a basal spacing of 21.96 Å. FTIR analysis of the nanohybrid further supported the presence of indomethacin in the interlayer of the indomethacin- LZH nanohybrid. STA analysis confirms that the nanohybrid has higher thermal stability than pure indomethacin. The in vitro release mechanism of the indomethacin anions from the indomethacin-LZH nanohybrid showed slow release, with 95% and 78% release in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution at pH 4.8 and 7.4, respectively. The release behavior of indomethacin from its intercalation compounds in PBS solution at pH 4.8 and 7.4 follows the Higuchi model. In addition, the nanohybrid treated with normal fibroblast cell line shows that it reduces cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner. This study shows that the high potential of the nanohybrid as an encapsulated material for the controlled release formulation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NASID) anions. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Received 26 August 2017 Accepted 2 October 2017 KEYWORDS Indomethacin; layered zinc hydroxide; nanohybrid; synthesis Introduction Layered materials like layered hydroxide salts (LHSs), are represented by the general formula of M
2 þ
(OH)2−x(A
m−
)x/m · nH2O, where M
2
þis metallic cation while A
m− is anion.
[1] The structures of LHSs were formerly derived from brucite-like structures.
[2] One example of a LHS that has been regularly reported in studies is layered zinc hydroxide (LZH).
[3–7] In the structure of LZH, one-fourth of octahedrally coordinated Zn
2
þcations are repla
|