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Abstract
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The increasing penetration of renewable energy resources (RER) and their stochastic behaviors on the one hand
and also, sharp fluctuations of electricity prices on the other hand have created substantial challenges for optimal
operation of microgrids (MG). demand response (DR) programs associated with reconfiguration of MGs can
provide feasible solution for this issue. Therefore, to address the aforementioned uncertainties in the optimal
operation of MGs, this paper proposes an innovative Hong’s 2m point estimate method (PEM) for simultaneously
DR and reconfiguration scheduling with purpose to minimize the operating costs as well as to reinforce the
reliability and resiliency of interconnected MGs in confronting with uncertainties. The Incentive-based model
relies on interruptible/curtailable service (I/C) has been extended as DR program in the deregulated market.
Meanwhile, an unprecedented dynamic reconfiguration problem has been optimally executed in order to reinforce
the flexibility and robustness of MGs in confronting with diverse operating uncertainties. Finally, the
proposed integrated model has been successfully solved by a population-based meta-heuristic algorithm namely
exchange market algorithm (EMA). The simulation study is accomplished on the modified PG&E 69-bus distribution
system over 24-h period. The obtained results demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of the
proposed model.
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