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Abstract
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In nearly all analytical methods used for determining trace organic pollutants, sample preparation, especially involving extraction, occupies a strategic place. On the other hand, over the last several years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a greener alternative to conventional ionic liquids and organic solvents, attracting significant attention in numerous fields due to their unique advantages. DESs are composed of one or more components as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and one or more salts as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) that are capable of self-association, often through hydrogen bond interactions. Up to now, different articles related to application of DESs in determination of different pollutants in water and soil samples have been published. Investigation of those literature showed that choline chloride (ChCl) usually acts as an HBA and organic acids, phenol and its derivatives, ethylene glycol, glycerol and urea are used as HBD for DES synthesis. After extraction, the DES phase containing the target analytes is used for instrumental analysis. Until now, different pollutants such as heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni and Cr), polyaromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and pesticides in water samples and metals (Se, V, Mo, As, Sb and Cr) in soil samples have been determined by extraction procedures based on the use of ChCl:phenol, ChCl:glycerol, ChCl:urea, ChCl:glucose and ChCl:pchlorophenol compositions.
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