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Abstract
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As the smart grid paradigm is capable to encourage the active consumers for efficacious participation in
increasing system efficiency, demand response programs (DRPs) have attracted much interest in the
worldwide recently, especially in optimization of smart microgrids (MGs). Under this context, this paper
proposes an integrated method relies on cleverly cooperation of time rate-based DRP and heterogeneous
distributed energy resources (DERs) deployment with aim to reliability-oriented planning of multiple
MGs. To do this, a novel two-stage decision making model is exploited in which at the first stage the MGs
construction is formed by optimal dynamic planning of hybrid DERs simultaneously with section switch
allocation considering a reliability criterion for MGs as loss of load expectation (LOLE) constraint. Subsequently,
at the next stage the critical energy peak pricing-based program accomplishes in order to
flatten the load profile as well as diminishing the investment costs of MGs. Besides, owing to the unpredictable
nature pertaining to renewable power production, the uncertainty modeling is inevitable
where in this paper, a novel pragmatic robust optimization approach has been employed to deal with
intense uncertainty of the problem. Numerical results obtained from an illustrative case study elucidate
how the proposed MGs planning and utilized DRP pairing significantly increases the expected profit of
system and ameliorates the reliability of end-users.
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