|
Abstract
|
The violent uncertainty of renewables imposes substantial challenges into the revenue adequacy and cost recovery
of electricity markets. Electric vehicles (EVs) can bring up significant benefits such as mitigating the
sharp fluctuations of renewables and assisting them to merge into the markets that will lead to reduce the
procurement costs and carbon emissions from the transportation sector. To this end, an information gap decision
theory is extended to manage the revenue risk of EV managers and harnessing the system in confronting with
intense uncertainty. The proposed model can provide satisfactory solution to guarantee the predefined profit for
EV managers while satisfying the requirements of distribution network. Look-ahead active and reactive powers
scheduling of various EV aggregations are arranged incorporating vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle
(G2V) options in the daily travel route of EVs. The proposed multi-objective problem is formulated based on
augmented ε-constraint technique, where the main objective is to maximize the profit of EV managers constrained
by operating costs of system. An innovative hybrid algorithm based on GWO&PSO is developed to
optimize the problem. Simulation results are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed approach in the
modified IEEE 33-bus system equipped with several smart parking lots.
|