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Keywords
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Plant extract, Repellency, Tribolium confusum, Dichloromethane, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate, Hexane,
Maceration.
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Abstract
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Natural products such as plant extracts are good alternative in IPM programs with
good efficacy and safety to human. Extracts of different species of plants have been tested to
study their repellent activity in addition with lethal, sub lethal, antifeedant and other
properties. In this investigation, repellency properties of 20 plants extracts belonging to
different families (grown in Azarbaijan province) were studied against stored product pest,
Tribolium confusum. Plant materials collected, air dried under shadow condition and
extraction carried out by standard maceration method (for 14 days) using different solvents.
For repellency tests, a piece of filter paper (30 mm in diameter) loaded with 100 μl (0.125
g/ml) of each extract was used as treatment, and the same paper loaded with 100 μl of
acetone was used as control. Both filter papers placed in opposite position in the Petri dishes
after they were air dried for 20 minutes. Ten adults of T. confusum (< 48 h) were introduced
into each Petri dish. The number of insects was counted every 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. The
results revealed that, repellency properties of extracts were considerable and it changed
during time intervals. Ethanol extracts of Delphinium linearilobum, hexane extracts of
Achillea millefolium, ethyl acetate extracts of Apium graveolens, ethanolic extracts of
Cupressus arizonica and dichloromethane extracts of Ageratum houstonianum showed the
best repellency activity (near 100 %) among extracts. The repellency increased with time
progressing especially within12-24 h after treatment. The mean repellency of different
extracts of plants were as: ethanolic extract of Marrubium vulgare 94.11 ± 2.62 %, hexane
extract of A. millefolium, 71.20 ± 8.95 %, ethylacetate extract of A. graveolens 82.92 ± 7.30
%, ethanolic extract of C. arizonica 85.77 ± 3.95 %, dichloromethane extract of A.
houstonianum 88.71 ± 5.43 %, acetone extract of A. houstonianum 90.41 ± 1.64 %,
methanolic extract of Falcaria vulgaris 89.4
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