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Abstract
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In this work, a novel nanocomposite (NC) by reinforcing montmorillonite
into polystyrene (MMT/PS) was prepared and was coated
onto cellulose filter paper. The prepared thin film was applied as
a novel sorbent for microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) in
layered configuration. The incorporation of MMT into PS host polymer
has lead to higher extraction capability due to the increase of
surface multi-functionality and the increase of specific surface area.
The elemental analysis of prepared thin layers was conducted by
energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and the surface characteristic
and morphology of prepared thin films was studied applying
scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared thin films were
inserted into MEPS device and were used for extraction of fluoxetine
in environmental water samples and wastewater samples continued
by spectrofluorimetry (FL) determination. Multivariate optimisation
based on central composite design (CCD) was used for evaluating
and optimising the effective parameters influencing the MEPS
method including MMT doping level, extraction draw-discard cycles,
pH, cycles of draw-eject in desorption step and sorbent layers. Based
on the method validation, the calibration curve is linear in the concentration
range of 7–500 ng mL−1 and the limit of detection (LOD)
was 2 ng mL−1. The precision of the developed method (RSD %) by
performing three replication of extraction from deionised water (300
ng mL−1) was 6.7%. The developed method was successfully
employed for measurement of fluoxetine in wastewater, river and
dam water samples; leading to the relative recoveries (RR%) ranged
from 76.4 to 107.2%.
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