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Abstract
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Rapid growth of the variable and intermittent
renewable generation in multi microgrid distribution network
(MMG-DN) has derived a gross violation in power balance due
to the scarcity of ramp capacity. To neutralize this shortage, the
present study develops a market-oriented approach for supplying
flexibility ramping products (FRPs) in an MMG-DN. The proposed
approach appraises a ramping capacity of local microgrids
(MGs) which encompass various distributed energy resources
(DERs) through a bi-level programming. To do so, an intervalbased
security constraint economic dispatch (SCED) process
is accomplished at the upper level considering the network’s
requirement of upward/downward ramp capacity along with
addressing the uncertainties. In addition, local MGs establish
their optimal bidding strategies to supply FRPs at the lower
level according to the offer prices from the distribution network.
A direct mathematical technique has been utilized to convert the
proposed bi-level programming into the single level one called
Mathematical Program with Equilibrium Constraints (MPEC).
Finally, the adopted non-linear MPEC transforms into a mixedinteger
linear programming using the strong duality theorem
(STD). The proposed approach has been examined on a test
system. The results prove efficiency of the proposed framework
in providing adequate FRPs for the MMG-DN without relying
on the upstream grid.
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