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Abstract
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This paper investigates an effective and practical method to define optimal operational
scheduling of available Partially Closed Valves (PCVs) for pressure management in
Water Distribution Networks (WDNs). The aim is to determine which of the valves
and how much does it is opened every hour of the day to maximize the Network Pressure
Reliability Index (NPRI) of WDNs. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is
applied to find which of valves needs adjustment by using the Pipe Closure Index (PCI)
in a calibration process, and the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to
find the setting of valves. The developed models are prepared by linking the optimization
algorithm with the hydraulic simulator (EPANET) in the MATLAB. A sample network
and real WDN are used to validate the proposed method. The comparison of the results
for the real WDN indicates that by using the proposed method, the average reliability
index increases up to 32.6%, and the average leakage rate decreases up to 31.7%. So the
proposed method is effective in increasing the reliability and decreasing the leakage rate
of the network.
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