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Abstract
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The inadequate level of reactive power generation by
distributed energy resources (DERs) in extreme conditions could
render networked microgrids (NMGs) more susceptible to major
contingencies. In extreme conditions when the NMGs islanding
from the main grid might occur, the inadequacy of reactive power
generation could make it more difficult for NMGs operators to
maintain a reasonable margin for the resilient NMGs operation.
This paper studies the resilient reactive power scheduling
of NMGs in extreme conditions. A two-stage model is proposed
which applies Here-And-Now (HAN) and Wait-And-See (WAS)
decisions at the first and the second stages, respectively. The HAN
and WAS stages are linked through a stochastic programming
approach where the entire problem is formulated in mixedinteger
linear programming. To address scalability and privacy
concerns in NMGs operations, the proposed two-stage model is
decentralized and decomposed into a master problem and three
subproblems and linked by Benders cuts. The master problem
identifies the least-cost operation plan for NMGs considering normal
and extreme conditions at Stages 1 and 2. Subproblems I, II,
and III satisfy the feasibility, security, and optimality of individual
microgrid operations, respectively. The DER limitations in
supplying reactive loads are more evident at Stage 2 during the
islanding simulation, which is managed by the proposed extreme
condition reactive power procurement approach. The effectiveness
of proposed two-stage model in enhancing the resilience of
the NMGs is assured by comprehensive simulation studies.
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