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Abstract
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Dye contaminants are one of the major water pollutants that at least 100 tons of them are annually discharged into water
bodies via industrial societies, and these huge effluents can pollute billions cubic-meters of clean waters. Due to the nonbiodegradability,
these toxic materials can penetrate into human food chains and consequently will accumulate in human
bodies. Because of their carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic characters, these pollutants cause numerous diseases in
human generations. To reduce ecological effects of this problem, adsorption processes are used as a class of water remediation
method. Thanks to their peculiar properties, cyclodextrins are a well-studied category of adsorbents which have been
recently used in wastewater treatments. Cyclodextrins can be used to modify various kinds of substrates such as polymers,
nanoparticles, fibrous materials, hydrogels and laminar substrates. These materials can remove different kinds of pollutants
using various mechanisms like inclusion complexes, electrostatic attraction, surface adsorption, π − π interactions, intraparticle
diffusion, polymer network capturing, etc. The removing mechanism is highly dependent on the structure of the final
adsorbent. In this review, it has been tried to review the latest developments of all kinds of the mentioned categories with
emphasizing on structural properties, synthesis methods and adsorption mechanisms. In each section for intuitive shortcut, the
findings of the recent impressive and novel articles are tabulated according to the adsorption capacity, effective parameters,
target molecules, kinetic results and characterization methods which can pave the road for facile comparison and conclusion
to design cyclodextrin-based adsorbents for future dye removal studies.
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