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Keywords
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Extended state observer (ESO), Internal Model Control (IMC), Load frequency control (LFC), nonlinear feedback control law (NLFCL), Renewable energy resources (RESs).
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Abstract
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In this paper, the load frequency control (LFC) for networked microgrids (NMGs) in the presence of delayed electric vehicles (EVs) aggregator and renewable energy sources (RESs) like photovoltaic, wind turbine and fuel cell have been investigated. A linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) technique based on the extended state observer (ESO) and nonlinear feedback control law (NLFCL) is proposed to eliminate the frequency variations resulted from the load disturbance and uncertainty of RESs. Since the LADRC parameters could be designed by the ESO and controller bandwidths, the presented controller could have similar performance with the fixed-structured controller. Also, the IMC technique is used for the robust tuning of the LADRC controller. The simulation is carried out on the three-area LFC scheme containing EVs aggregator, RESs, and fuel cell. According to simulation results, the LADRC controller has fewer frequency variations in contrast to other methods presented in the case studies.
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