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Abstract
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Reseda luteola L., commonly known as weld, is an important source of yellow natural dye used for dyeing the wool textiles
since ancient times. In this study, to develop the color shades of weld on wool textiles, single and binary combinations of
eight metal mordants, i.e., Al, Fe, Cu, Co, Zn, Sn, Ni, and Cr were explored using the premordanting method. Depending
on the type and nature of mordant in the mixture, substantial variations in the color shades, lightness, color strength, and
fastness of the samples resulted. In addition to metal mordants that individually improved color strength, color fastness and
produced various color shades, binary mordanting showed several novel features in terms of the development of new color
shades, the synergistic efect of dye uptake (color strength), and color fastness, etc. Furthermore, several rare or unique
shades of high-cost and toxic mordants, such as Cr, could be reproduced using alternative binary low-cost and non- or less
toxic mordants, such as Fe and Cu.
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