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Abstract
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Electrospinning is a very powerful technique to produce highly complex nanofibers with tunable properties. This
technique provides efficiency, versatility, and low cost to create nanofiber assemblies from a rich variety of
natural and synthetic polymers combined with different types of nanoparticles. Electrospun nanofiber materials
have demonstrated significant potential in various applications, such as sensors and biosensors, tissue engineering,
drug delivery, energy conversion, and storage. This is mainly due to their unique characteristics
including mechanical strength, large specific surface area, diverse polymer composition, and simple
manufacturing process. Nanofiber-based biosensors offer several advantages over conventional biosensors,
including enhanced responsiveness, wider linear range, higher sensitivity, lower limit of detection (LOD), and
cost-effectiveness. Recently, there has been considerable interest in developing nanobiocomposites by integrating
bioreceptors and conductive nanomaterials into carbon, metal oxide, or polymer electrospun nanofibers. In this
comprehensive review, we explore advanced biosensors based on electrospinning technology, including biosensors
modified with electrospun carbon, metal/metal oxide, as well as polymer-based and polymer-modified
biosensors. After a general and short description of the electrospinning process and electrospinning conditions
affecting the production of different nanofibers, the application of electrospun nanofibers for the design of
electrochemical (bio)sensors is discussed.
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