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Abstract
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Background: Artemisia deserti Krach is belong to Asteraceae family, and has many medicinal properties that used to treat a variety of diseases including antihypertensive, invigorating bloodcirculation, antiallergy, antiviral, antitumor and antioxidant. Methods: The objective of this study was the evaluation of cytotoxic and antioxidant activities as well as chemical composition of A. deserti essential oil extracted by different extraction methods. These extraction methods included hydro-distillation (HD), Salt-HD (Salt pretreatment followed by hydro-distillation), Maceration-HD (Maceration pretreatment followed by hydro-distillation), Acid-HD (Acid pretreatment followed by hydro-distillation), US-HD (Ultrasound pretreatment followed by hydro-distillation), and Enzyme-HD (Enzyme pretreatment followed by hydro-distillation). Results: The results revealed that the highest yield of essential oil was achieved by acid-HD (0.48%±0.11). In all methods, the main compounds of essential oil were camphor (44.32%-66.80%), piperiton (14.11%-24.33%) and 1,8-cineole (4.85%-6.75%). The antioxidant property of essential oils was investigated using DPPH method. Based on the results, the essential oils extracted by Acid-HD and Enzyme-HD methods had the highest property. The cytotoxic property of Artemisia deserti essential oils was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the essential oil extracted by Enzyme-HD indicated the highest cytotoxicity activity against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells in both 24 and 48 hours. Based on the GC-MS results, 1,8-cineol, carvacrol, thymol, and myristicin were rich in the essential oil extracted by enzyme-HD, and the highest cytotoxicity activity of essential oil obtained by enzyme-HD method is probably related to these compounds. Conclusion: In addition, it was observed enzyme-HD is effective method in the extraction of essential oil with the highest antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.
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