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Abstract
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While the wide application of pesticides in agricultural practices has revolutionized food production, this significant advancement comes with considerable impacts [12]. These pesticides often persist and affect the environment, giving way to processes of water, soil, and food contamination, thus posing severe health risks to human beings and biotic environments [13]. Public health risks, such as the chance of getting cancer, hormonal imbalances, and neurological disorders, made it clear that these pesticides needed to be accurately measured and closely watched [14]. Conventional methods for pesticide detection are robust in nature but usually time-consuming and based on harmful solvents, which cause significant environmental and logistics problems [15]. Microextraction techniques become the green option; however, the majority of the presented methods are still facing serious problems related to scalability and general performance, especially in the development of the extraction materials. In this respect, an innovative opportunity is the possibility of using 3D printing for the fabrication of advanced thin films. This method allows for fine-tuning of material properties and film geometries to improve extraction efficiency while also following the principles of green chemistry. This means that filling in the gaps in pesticide analysis will lead to the creation of new analytical methods and will help protect the public and the environment [16].
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