|
Abstract
|
Abstract
Morphine was the initial alkaloid extracted from the opium poppy in the year 1803(Aghaali & Naghavi, 2024). Morphine
is the most important alkaloid in terms of abundance and therapeutic use, accounting for 42% of the total alkaloids in opium poppy(Allen et al., 2008). In this research has been conducted on the morphine biosynthesis pathway using bioinformatics tools. A collection of nine genes associated with the morphine biosynthesis pathway was compiled from a comprehensive survey and validated using the NCBI BLAST tool. We used STRING to examine the interactions among genes and used Cytoscape to illustrate the molecular interaction network. Hub proteins were determined through CytoHubba. The
enrichment of hub genes was evaluated using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) within STRING,
as well as Gene Ontology (GO) through gprofiler. The promoter regions of important genes were examined using MEME.
Essential genes involved in morphine synthesis were recognized, and they play vital roles in basic cellular activities such
as growth, development, and signal transduction. Metabolic processes play an essential role in the production of morphine,
suggesting that the gene network associated with the morphine pathway has broader functions beyond merely generating
primary metabolites. Investigating the KEGG pathway highlighted the importance of metabolic pathways and the synthesis
of secondary metabolites. An examination of the promoter suggested that signal transduction might be involved in morphine
synthesis. Regarding the main genes that contribute to morphine production, the pathway for morphine as a secondary
metabolite appears to be linked with numerous significant plant pathways. The objective of this research is to investigate
and examine the biosynthetic pathway of morphine in the opium poppy through the application of sophisticated
bioinformatics tools. This study employs various bioinformatics tools in tandem to pinpoint and evaluate gene
|