مشخصات پژوهش

The global prevalence of UTIs is on the rise, creating a serious concern for public health officials worldwide. This upward trend results from several factors, including changes in population demographics, particularly an increasing elderly population who are more susceptible to infections. Medical practices are also evolving, along with potential environmental influences [7]. The widespread use of antimicrobial agents has disrupted the body’s natural microbial balance, allowing more aggressive pathogens to thrive. The large number of people suffering from UTIs puts a significant strain on healthcare systems, leading to increased medical costs, longer patient discomfort, and in severe cases, serious infections like urosepsis, especially when the infection spreads to the upper urinary tract. At the same time, the issue of rising antibiotic resistance among uropathogens is worsening, adding to the challenges created by increasing UTI rates. This situation arises mainly from the ongoing selective pressures created by the widespread and often improper use of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine, which speeds up the development and spread of resistant bacterial strains