مشخصات پژوهش

In recent years, thin-film microextraction (TFME) has emerged as a powerful sample preparation technique due to its high sensitivity, rapid kinetics, and compatibility with high-throughput analytical systems. In this study, novel polymeric and mixed-matrix membrane-based TFME methods were developed and applied for the extraction and determination of estrogenic hormones and pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous and biological samples. In the first part of the research, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based membrane was fabricated using a two-step casting (TC) method combined with phase inversion for high-throughput liquid-phase TFME (LP-TFME). This membrane was successfully applied for the extraction of estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (E2). Quantitative analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The developed method exhibited low limits of detection (0.16– 3.30 µgL-1) and a wide linear dynamic range (0.5–150 µgL-1), demonstrating excellent analytical performance. In the second part, a highly porous PVDF membrane was prepared via a three-step casting method followed by phase inversion and applied for solid-phase TFME of antifungal drugs including ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole. The method provided rapid extraction, good linearity (1–250 µgL-1), and low detection limits (0.33–3.30 µgL-1) across different matrices. The high porosity of the membrane significantly enhanced extraction efficiency and analytical sensitivity. In the third study, a novel mixed-matrix membrane was developed by incorporating a covalent organic framework (COF), Schiff base network-1 (SNW-1), into the PVDF matrix. This membrane was applied for the simultaneous extraction of anticancer drugs dasatinib and erlotinib. The proposed method enabled rapid and efficient extraction from aqueous, plasma, and urine samples, with limits of detection ranging from 0.33 to 3.30 µgL-1 and satisfactory linearity (1–150 µgL-1). All fabricated