مشخصات پژوهش

Colored effluents generated by various industries such as textile, paper, rubber, and plastics manufacturing are among the most hazardous environmental pollutants. Therefore, the removal of dyes from water and wastewater sources is essential due to their harmful effects on aquatic organisms, toxicity to ecosystems, and potential carcinogenic impact on human health. Among various physical, chemical, and biological techniques for dye removal, photocatalysis has been recognized as an advanced oxidation process capable of degrading organic pollutants through oxidation reactions. In this study, the photocatalytic method employing (TBA)₄PW₁₁Fe/PVA/TiO₂ as a catalyst was used for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions. The synthesized materials were characterized using several analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The decolorization process was conducted under different catalyst loadings and light conditions (visible light and dark). The optimal condition was obtained using 0.03 g of photocatalyst under UV irradiation. The dye removal efficiency was determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy within the wavelength range of 400–800 nm.