مشخصات پژوهش

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with approximately 1.9 million new cases diagnosed annually [1]. The development of CRC follows a well-established adenoma-carcinoma sequence, where nearly 90% of colorectal cancers arise from the slow transformation of benign precursor lesions, specifically adenomatous polyps and serrated polyps, into malignant tumors over several years [2]. Early detection and removal of these premalignant lesions is crucial for preventing progression to invasive cancer, as complete resection at the precancerous stage reduces mortality to nearly zero [3].