مشخصات پژوهش

The transformation of residential energy systems stands at the intersection of technological innovation and environmental necessity. Over the past decade, the global shift toward sustainable energy production has reshaped how electricity reaches homes and how residents consume power. Rather than relying entirely on centralized power plants, neighborhoods increasingly adopt localized energy networks called microgrids, which combine solar panels, wind turbines, battery systems, and smart controls to manage their own electricity supply. This evolution isn't merely a technical upgrade it represents a fundamental rethinking of how communities can become more independent, resilient, and environmentally conscious in their energy choices .The residential sector has emerged as a significant contributor to global electricity demand, accounting for approximately 40% of overall consumption patterns, yet traditional centralized approaches to energy management prove inadequate for these distributed systems. The proliferation of renewable energy sources within residential settings has created both remarkable opportunities and substantial operational challenges that form the core of this research problem. When households produce their own electricity through photovoltaic arrays and consume power through diverse appliances operating at different times, the resulting system becomes inherently unpredictable. Solar irradiance fluctuates with weather patterns and seasons, wind resources vary throughout the day, and household consumption follows complex behavioral patterns influenced by occupancy, temperature preferences, and usage habits. These simultaneous uncertainties what energy gets produced and when, combined with what households actually need create a dynamic puzzle that must be solved continuously to maintain reliable electricity delivery . This temporal misalignment forces households to either curtail renewable generation, rely on backup grid power at premium prices, or maintai