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Abstract
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This paper presents a microwave-based displacement sensor utilizing a zero-order resonator with a dielectric
load. The design and fabrication of the proposed sensor are straightforward, making it easy to implement and
scalable for various applications. The sensor exhibits robustness under challenging environmental conditions.
Experimental results reveal a key dip null at 1.26 GHz, corresponding to the sensor’s resonant frequencies. The
sensor demonstrates high accuracy in displacement measurements, with a regression equation of 𝑓𝑟[𝐺𝐻𝑧] =
1.19 + 0.026 ⋅ 𝑑([𝑚𝑚]) and an 𝑅2 value of 0.98. Moreover, it achieves a limit of detection of 0.16 mm,
corresponding to a confidence level of approximately 99%. Vibration tests indicate sensitivity across a
frequency range of 3 Hz to 18 Hz, demonstrating the performance of the sensor in dynamic conditions. These
indicate the potential of the sensor for precise displacement measurements in diverse practical applications,
reflecting its reliability and versatility.
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