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Abstract
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The global rate of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is increasing, raising a serious public health concern worldwide. This trend is due to several factors, including an aging population that is more vulnerable to UTIs, changes in healthcare practices, and possible environmental effects. The common and often improper use of antibiotics has also contributed by disrupting the natural microflora and allowing harmful bacteria to thrive [9]. The high number of UTI cases puts a strain on healthcare systems. It leads to higher healthcare costs, extended discomfort for patients, and in severe cases, life-threatening complications like sepsis, especially when infections spread to the kidneys. Adding to the challenge of rising UTI rates is the worrying increase in antibiotic resistance among uropathogens. This situation is fueled by the pressure from the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both human medicine and agriculture, speeding up the development and spread of resistant bacteria. The decline in antibiotic effectiveness calls for immediate global action to establish stewardship programs, invest in new antimicrobial research, and find alternative ways to tackle these increasingly tough infections [10, 11].
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