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Abstract
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The rapid expansion of electronic devices and communication systems operating in the X-band frequency range (8–12 GHz) has significantly increased electromagnetic interference and disturbances, posing challenges to the performance, reliability, and safety of modern technologies. These issues are particularly important in applications such as aerospace, radar systems, satellite communications, and military stealth technologies where efficient absorption of electromagnetic waves is essential to minimize signal interference and increase operational efficiency [9, 10]. Furthermore, the growing concern about the potential health risks associated with prolonged exposure to electromagnetic radiation highlights the urgent need for advanced materials capable of effective absorption in this region. Graphene-based nanocomposites, especially those containing polyaniline (PANI), iron oxide (Fe3O₄) and zinc oxide (ZnO), have shown great potential to overcome these challenges due to their dielectric and magnetic properties, lightweight nature and high surface-to-volume ratio. The necessity of this research is in the design and development of a lightweight and highly efficient nanocomposite structure for absorbing electromagnetic waves in the X-band region. This structure can overcome the limitations of conventional materials such as: high density, narrow absorption bandwidth and poor impedance matching.
This research attempts to achieve better absorption efficiency, wide bandwidth and increased stability by optimizing the composition of the components used and the structure of the nanocomposite. This work is a small step towards contributing to the necessary advances in the field of electromagnetic interference protection and cloaking technologies. The importance of this research goes beyond technical applications, as it is in line with the global demand for sustainable and efficient materials that reduce electromagnetic pollution while supporting the development of next-generatio
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