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Abstract
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he presence of carbamazepine in water has become a major issue because this drug is hard to remove with common treatment methods. This problem shows the need for stronger and cleaner technologies that can break down stable pollutants. Creating efficient heterogeneous catalysts is therefore important for improving water-treatment processes. In this work, LDH-based nanocomposites are made and used as catalysts in a sonofenton system to degrade carbamazepine in water. The method includes adjusting the structure and surface of LDH materials to increase their activity under ultrasonic waves. The catalysts are prepared through controlled synthesis to achieve stable particles with good surface area. Different conditions such as pH, catalyst dose, oxidant amount, and ultrasound power are tested to find the best performance. Several characterization methods are used to study the shape, surface groups, and active sites of the materials. The degradation process is evaluated by measuring reaction rate and mineralization level. It is expected that these catalysts will break down carbamazepine faster and more effectively than classic Fenton methods. The materials are also expected to remain stable during repeated use and can be easily separated from the treated water. These results suggest that LDH-based catalysts can be a practical option for removing resistant drugs from water. Overall, the proposed system offers a simple and promising approach for cleaner water treatment.
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