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Abstract
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Abstract
A simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for the determination of 17-β-estradiol in water samples was
developed. The method is based on the extraction of the 17-β-estradiol–β-cyclodextrin complex using a
coacervate phase composed of reverse micelles of decanoic acid, followed by high-performance liquid
chromatography with ultraviolet detection for quantification. The effects of key parameters, including decanoic
acid concentration (50–200 mg in a 30 mL total volume), tetrahydrofuran concentration (1–15% v/v), βcyclodextrin to 17-β-estradiol molar ratio (1:1–1:4), ionic strength (0–1 M) NaCl, pH (1–4), and extraction
time (0–30 min), on recoveries and enrichment factors were studied and optimized. The optimal extraction
conditions involved stirring a 20 mL water sample containing 50 mg of decanoic acid with 3 mL of THF, using
a 1:1 molar ratio of 17-β-estradiol to β-cyclodextrin complex, for 10 minutes, followed by centrifugation, 10
min at 4000 rpm. Recoveries and enrichment factors of 17-β-estradiol was primarily influenced by the decanoic
acid and THF concentrations that form the coacervate phase but remained independent of the ionic strength of
the sample solution. The recovery rate, enrichment factor, limit of detection, and relative standard deviation
for 17-β-estradiol were 95%, 284, 0.19 μg/L, and 4.34%, respectively. This method was applied to analyze 17-
β-estradiol in city water, mineral water, and pastewater samples. No 17-β-estradiol was detected in mineral
water, while its concentration in city water and pastewater was found to be 1.9 μg/L and 33.67 μg/L,
respectively.
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