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Abstract
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The concept of quantum batteries (QBs) has emerged as a promising paradigm for next-generation energy storage technologies, exploiting uniquely quantum features such as coherence and entanglement to enhance charging performance and extractable work [1,2]. Early studies demonstrated that collective quantum effects can significantly increase charging power compared to classical counterparts [3,4].
Among different physical implementations, optomechanical systems have attracted significant attention due to their high controllability and strong light–matter interaction [5,6]. In these systems, radiation-pressure interaction naturally introduces linear optomechanical coupling, while higher-order processes give rise to nonlinear couplings, such as Kerr-type interactions and multi-phonon effects [7–9]. Recent studies suggest that nonlinear interactions can enhance energy transfer and improve quantum thermodynamic performance [10,11]. In particular, optomechanical platforms have been proposed as candidates for implementing quantum batteries, where system parameters strongly influence stored energy and ergotropy [12]. Despite these advances, a fundamental question remains open: What is the precise role of linear and nonlinear optomechanical couplings in optimizing the charging process of quantum batteries? While linear coupling governs standard energy exchange, nonlinear interactions may introduce new pathways for energy storage and work extraction. However, their combined effect on charging speed, efficiency, and stability has not yet been systematically explored.
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