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Abstract
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This paper proposes a stochastic energy
management of microgrid (MG) with both operation modes of
grid-connected and isolated considering the effects of demand
response program (DRP) and energy storage system (ESS) under
uncertainties. The energy procurement sources contain upstream
grid (UG) in grid-connected mode, micro-turbines (MTs) as local
dispatchable units, and renewable energy sources (RESs)
(photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind-turbines (WT)) as well as
charge/discharge of ESS and DRP. The ESS and DRP are
integrated in stochastic energy management by the MG’ operator
to reduce the expected operation cost as well as reducing of load
shedding in isolated mode. Meanwhile, the uncertainty models of
upstream grid price, load and RES output power are considered
in the stochastic framework formulation. Finally, the influences
of ESS and DRP on stochastic energy management of MG are
investigated in grid-connected and isolated modes, and four case
studies are used and compared to show the capability of the
proposed stochastic framework.
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