مشخصات پژوهش

This paper proposes a stochastic energy management of microgrid (MG) with both operation modes of grid-connected and isolated considering the effects of demand response program (DRP) and energy storage system (ESS) under uncertainties. The energy procurement sources contain upstream grid (UG) in grid-connected mode, micro-turbines (MTs) as local dispatchable units, and renewable energy sources (RESs) (photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind-turbines (WT)) as well as charge/discharge of ESS and DRP. The ESS and DRP are integrated in stochastic energy management by the MG’ operator to reduce the expected operation cost as well as reducing of load shedding in isolated mode. Meanwhile, the uncertainty models of upstream grid price, load and RES output power are considered in the stochastic framework formulation. Finally, the influences of ESS and DRP on stochastic energy management of MG are investigated in grid-connected and isolated modes, and four case studies are used and compared to show the capability of the proposed stochastic framework.