مشخصات پژوهش

Economic development is state-oriented development based on economic growth and GDP, while human development is defined as human-centered conception based on indicators such as education, health and life expectancy. In addition, sustainable development is a newer concept that has various aspects, including economic and human dimensions. The main question is what concept of development should developing countries pursue in the energy policies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (2030 SDG)? This study shows that developing countries must first adopt policies that provide them with the basic infrastructure for economic development so that they can reach the minimum level of development needed to alleviate general poverty. Subsequently, they should adjust their previous policies in such a way as to increase human access to energy services and pave the way for human development while continuing economic development. Finally, to achieve an ideal development, a paradigm shift based on the right of human-state development in international energy law must be achieved. This right of development belongs to the developing states and their nations, and the international community, including developed countries and international organizations, is reciprocally committed to it. In this context, policies for sustainable energy development must be adopted, which means continuous access to cost-effective and renewable energy.