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چکیده
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Pollution means any change in quality and quantity of environmental components. Any change causes a defect in ecosystem balancing and losing ability to get rid of it in natural processes. Water has a variety of applications, including for drinking agriculture, industrial and energy production. Water is one of the main natural sources of human life and is important for economic and social reasons. Pollution with heavy metals is the most dangerous type of contamination. Main feature of non-biodegradable, toxicity, and ability of bioaccumulation of heavy metals over time made it impact on existence, diversity and abundance of species in aquatic ecosystem. This effect occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment. Macrophytes are efficient in reducing heavy metals (HMs) concentrations, about 400 species of plant have the capacity to uptake HMs, submerged and floating plants widespread such as phragmites australis and Ceratophyllum demersum. Ceratophyllum demersum is natively submerged aquatic plant considered as intensive sweeper for HMs from polluted water, while phragmites australis another abundance type has active aqueous stems and extra tolerance for different different sorts of wastes including HMs. All pollutants dropped to the water lead to series problems nowadays and near future due to high toxicity of some metals, HMs pollution influence on diversity in water ecosystem. Iraq is one country that currently faces a real challenge in terms of water sufficiency and quality. Iraq’s two main rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, have faced a scarcity of water since the upstream countries build dams. There is a doubt regarding the unpredictability of the river flow due to the global climate compounding matters, resulting to enhanced water-engineering responses and escalating. However, due to a lack to awareness and discrete knowledge, we are still unable to eliminate these toxic metals from the ecosystem.
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