مشخصات پژوهش

Introduction and statement of the problem It has been observed that the complexity of power grids has grown significantly due to the increasing electricity load requirements and changing load patterns, which can lead to overloading or underloading of transmission lines. Additionally, the power networks in many countries, such as the 345 KV bulk transmission system and associated sub-stations, cables and wires in the United States, are outdated and beyond 40 years old. This has resulted in a number of issues including excessive power losses, voltage profile problems, instability and reliability problems. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) report, the annual residential, commercial and industrial growth is expected to be 0.5%, 0.8% and 0.9% respectively from 2013 to 2040. Moreover, the report estimates that by 2040, 1134.6 GW of power generation capacity will be needed to meet the demand; however, it is uncertain whether the system will be able to transfer the generated power from centralized power generation to the distribution system, leading to a bottleneck in the transmission system. As such, the optimal utilization of existing generation and transmission networks is the best solution.[1] It is suggested by Reference [2] that power electronics are preferable to traditional electromechanical methods due to their faster speeds and lower costs. In 1999, Hingorani and Gyugyi introduced the FACTS concept which is able to modify the power flow to be more precise, accurate, and fast. This has made it possible to optimally use existing electrical networks with the help of power electronic-based FACTS devices. Additionally, FACTS devices have also been employed for energy utilisation, demand control, voltage stabilisation, power quality enhancement, power factor correction, and harmonic mitigation, as well as for power loss reduction, voltage regulation, reactive power planning, congestion management, power flow control, and quality improvement [3, 4]