مشخصات پژوهش

Nowadays, despite numerous attempts to safeguard water quality, uncontrolled water contamination such as estrogens resulting from human activities has become an enormous worry for the general public and a critical environmental issue [1]. Consequently, controlling the concentration of these substances is necessary to prevent detrimental effects on both humans and the environment [2]. For this reason, a 3D printed mixed matrix membrane (MMM) thin film, as a novel adsorbent, was introduced for the extraction of two steroid hormones from wastewater and tap water samples prior to their determination by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). The designed adsorbent was fabricated as thin film utilizing a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technique. The proposed thin film was made of acrylate photo resin, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and its application was investigated for thin film microextraction (TFME) of 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1). The morphology of the 3D printed films surface and its chemical changes were studied using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), respectively. Surface wettability of the proposed MMM films was measured by water contact angle analysis (WCA) and its porosity was studied by N2 adsorption/desorption analysis. To attain optimal microextraction performance, optimization of both thin film composition and microextraction procedure was conducted, followed by a thorough evaluation of figures of merit under the optimized conditions. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined to be 1.5 µg L-1 and 5 µg L-1 for both E2 and E1, respectively. The linear dynamic range (LDR) for both compounds was 5 -150 µg L-1. The method’s repeatability was investigated on a single film for 6 extractions, as well as on 3 different films and relative standard deviation (RSD) (%) val