مشخصات پژوهش

Inequality in the environment highlights the need to shift away from harmful chemicals and technologies. Adopting green chemistry can help reduce pollutants and improve detection of emerging pollutants like pharmaceuticals[1]. Electromembrane extraction (EME) offers a sustainable option by efficiently extracting compounds while reducing solvent consumption and waste in various industries [2]. Monitoring morphine (MOR) and codeine (COD) levels in biological samples is crucial for identifying substance abuse and dependence risks associated with pain relief medications [3]. This research developed a electromembrane extraction by using metal-organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) composite (MOF&COF/EME) as an adsorbent in the wall pores of a hollow fiber membrane, to extract trace amounts of MOR and COD, in biological samples. Separation and determination of the extracted analytes was performed by HPLC-UV. This procedure improves the transport efficiency of the analyts through a supported liquid membrane (SLM). In this study, FESEM, EDX, N2 adsorption/desorption, XRD, and FTIR were used to charactrize the adsorbent morphology, the pore size and specific surface area, structure and elemental contents. Under optimal extraction conditions, such as pH of acceptor phase (4), pH of donor phase (6),voltage (150 V), and type of SLM (NPOE + 15% DEHP) figures of merits of the method was investigated. Linear dynamic in the range of 2-1000 µgL-1 ,and the limit of detections (LOD) in the range of 0.8-2 µgL-1 was obtained for the drugs. In addition, the relative standard deviations (RSD) for drugs (intra-day) and (inter-day) were obtained as 6.6-9.1 and 8.6-11.13 for MOR and COD respectively. The method was applied for extraction and determination of the drugs in biological samples and satisfactory results were obtained.