مشخصات پژوهش

The world health organization (WHO) states that Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse [1,2]. Although many couples can achieve a pregnancy with assisted reproductive technologies (ART), evaluation of the male is important to most appropriately direct therapy. Some male factor conditions are treatable with medical or surgical therapy, and others may only be managed with donor sperm or adoption. Some conditions are life threatening, while others have health and genetic implications for the patient and potential offspring. Without a male evaluation it is not possible to adequately design management of the patient and the couple. [3] There are a wide variety of risk factors that could potentially influence sperm quality. These include lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and use of illicit drugs, obesity, psychological stress, APA, diet, and caffeine intake. The adverse effects of these factors could even become intensified from one generation to the next, and then passed on to the resulting offspring. However, their negative effects can be overcome to a large extent by behaviour modification and better lifestyle choices. In this manner, the harmful impact of these factors on the male reproductive potential could also be alleviated and thus result in a more favorable outcome