مشخصات پژوهش

The cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), specifically myocardial infarction (MI), still rank among the most significant sources of both morbidity and mortality globally [1]. Myocardial infarction can be considered an effect of the cessation of blood supply in the coronary arteries to a specific area of the myocardium, which then dies from ischemic necrosis [2]. The diagnosis of MI is of immense significance with regard to the provision of appropriate treatment. Biochemical markers assume tremendous importance in the diagnosis and measurement of myocardial infarction. Among various biochemical markers, Creatine Kinase (CK), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes have been identified as most important enzymes that can measure the level of myocardial cellular damage [3]. The release of CK, AST, and LDH enzymes into the bloodstream is an indicator of cardiac damage. Elevated levels of CK, AST, and LDH in the blood indicate the level of myocardial cellular damage. Even though cardiac troponins (cTnI & cTnT) have become the standard marker of diagnosis in myocardial infarction, CK, AST, or LDH can become an important supplement in regions where sophisticated biochemical testing is not feasible [4]. Variations in enzyme activities or expression could be attributed to genetic, environmental, dietary, or lifestyle differences of populations [5]. Hence, variations in biochemistry responses in the event of myocardial damage can occur according to the regions. For instance, countries with common culture or environment, like Iran and Iraq, could show both similarities or variations in genetic make-up, medical facilities, or risk factors of cardiovascular diseases [6]. Although the prevalence of ischemic coronary heart disease is considerable in both countries, there is not much literature on comparative biochemical analyses of CK, AST, or LDH levels reported among Iranian and Iraqi MI patients. Recognition of potential biochemical differences among