مشخصات پژوهش

To solve the global problem of climate change, the participation of all countries, especially developing countries, which have an increasing GHGs emission trend, is necessary. Developed countries have always claimed that developing countries do not have effective and meaningful participation in the climate change regime. By contrast, developing countries consider their participation constructive and effective. This research shows that to some extent this difference in claims is theoretically due to different values and needs between developed and developing countries, and practically due to internal and external limitations that cause the inability and lack of motivation of developing countries to act. It is understandable to justify the behavior of developing countries in the light of the principles of equity and legal responsibility and non-fulfilling the obligations of developed countries, including technology transfer and financial aid. Considering these issues through NDCs, “national circumstances”, and a bottom-up architecture, the Paris Agreement has achieved broad participation and shallow cooperation. Given that NDCs are not ambitious enough to achieve the goals of the Agreement, to deepen commitments and cooperation, climate policy should gradually move from prisoner’s dilemma policy to Stag Hunt policy through rebuild trust between parties and increasingly integrate climate change with sustainable development goals to realize equitable participation.