چکیده
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Introduction and Statement of the Problem
Translation Studies, as an academic subject, has undergone significant transformations over time. Early approaches to translation mainly focused on fidelity to the source text (ST) and strict equivalence. These procedures, rooted in formalist and structuralist traditions, prioritized the idea of an original, immutable ST and evaluated translations predicated on their adherence to this original. The translator was often considered an invisible mediator, whose role was to maintain verbal and cultural equivalence between the STs and target texts (TT) (Shelkovnikova S.V. et al., 2015).
However, these traditional procedures failed to regard the intricacies of cultural, ideational, and social contexts in which translations are produced. The paradigm initiated a shift in the latter half of the 20th century, as translation theorists increasingly recognized it as a subjective and creative act influenced by various factors, such as ideology, power dynamics, and the translator's agency.
In 2006, Baker raised the concept of Narrative Theory to Translation Studies in her seminal work Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account. This theory proposed that translations are not just linguistic transfers but are embedded within broader narratives that shape and are shaped by cultural, political, and ideological contexts. Baker conceptualized narratives as the stories people tell to make sense of the world, arguing that translations partake in the construction, dissemination, and reshaping of these narratives.
Baker further developed this idea into Translation as Re-narration in 2014, emphasizing that translators actively re-narrate texts, contributing to the construction and reconfiguration of cultural and ideological narratives. This framework highlights the translator's role as an active agent who selectively appropriates elements of the source material, adapting them to align with the target culture’s (TC) norms, ideologies, and expectat
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