چکیده
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The affective attitudes concerning motivation, interest, attention, and responsibility in online and onsite learning are intricate phenomena influenced by various factors, including certain internal aspects such as personal traits and certain external elements like course materials or classmates. Iraqi EFL learners encountered numerous challenges, including inadequate internet connectivity for most learners and a lack of proficiency in utilizing communication technology. Specifically, language learners are susceptible to fluctuations as a consequence of virtual education due to an array of factors spanning from teacher variables to technology-related concerns. The traditional teaching system in EFL classes has been an instructor explaining language points to students. New teaching methods, such as AI applications and online tools, have challenged traditional attitudes. The COVID-19 outbreak has accelerated the development of online language courses.
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