مشخصات پژوهش

The land of Afghanistan has experienced numerous disasters in the last three decades of the 20th century. There were terrible atrocities, unspeakable violence, and brutal massacre owing to the internal and external forces, namely the civil war, the invasion of the Soviet Union, and the reign of Taliban that have ruined the peace of Afghanistan by killing its native people and destroying its landscape. The current study aims at examining the effects of war on the social and private lives of the female characters, investigating the ways adopted by the forces to torture the Afghan natives, probing the damage of the landscape of Afghanistan, and identifying the different dimensions of the rule of powers in Afghanistan when it was under the dominance of the forces as portrayed in Khaled Hosseini’s A Thousand Splendid Suns. Drawing upon Gayatri Spivak’s Post-Colonial theory of subalternity and Johan Galtung’s Psychoanalytic theory of triangle violence, the overarching argument of this thesis is to examine the effects of the transitions in power that occur in Afghanistan on the representation of gender and the way subaltern woman is treated in Afghanistan in the recent forty-five years and to discover how the female subaltern is doubly colonized in a semi-colonized country and what is the impact of worlding on the culture of Afghanistan and vice versa, as portrayed in Hosseini’s A Thousand Splendid Suns. The current study is significant, since it pivots on the ravages that war and the invasion of the forces cause, and depicts how these ravages affect the lives of the natives of Afghanistan. The researcher tries to fill the existing gap by examining Spivak’s theory of subalternity, in which Spivak distinguishes between the male and female subalternity and portrays the subaltern woman more miserable than the subaltern man. In other words, what makes Spivak different from other critics is the great priority that she gives to the identity of the subaltern woman as an individua