مشخصات پژوهش

The significance of this study lies in its contribution to the existing literature on the psychological effects of parental absence, particularly in the context of Toni Morrison’s selected novels. While previous studies have examined the impact of parental absence on children’s psychological well-being (Furstenberg, 2010; Hanson et al., 2014), there is a need for further research that explores how gender, coping mechanisms, and themes intersect to shape these effects. This study aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the experiences of motherlessness and fatherlessness in the selected novels, and the unique psychological effects of these experiences on the male and female African American children. Additionally, this study will provide insights into the coping mechanisms employed by characters in the selected novels to deal with their experiences of parental absence, and how these mechanisms affect their psychological well-being and relationships with others. Such insights are particularly relevant in the context of contemporary society, where many individuals experience parental absence due to various factors such as divorce, migration, and incarceration (Sroufe 8). By identifying effective coping mechanisms, this study can help individuals and families affected by parental absence to better understand and navigate the associated psychological challenges. Finally, this study will analyze how the themes of family, identity, and race intersect in the portrayal of motherlessness and fatherlessness in the selected novels, and the psychological insights that can be gleaned from this intersection. The exploration of these themes in the context of parental absence is relevant given the impact of family dynamics, racial identity, and socio-cultural factors on individuals’ experiences of trauma and healing. The insights gained from this study will not only contribute to the fields of literature and psychology, but also have implications for social po